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PNAS我国研究人员发现泛素连接酶CRL和去拟素酶CSN之间的分子胶水

放大字体  缩小字体 时间:2020-04-13 15:20:44  阅读:9540+ 作者:基因狐

原标题:PNAS | 我国研讨人员发现泛素连接酶CRL和去拟素酶CSN之间的分子“胶水”

泛素-蛋白酶体体系是保持体内蛋白质稳态的中心机器。其间,E3泛素连接酶决议底物特异性。最大类的E3是CRL泛素连接酶(Cullin RING E3 Ligases)。CRL介导了总泛素化的 20%,其宗族成员在多种癌症中高表达或活性上调,参加了细胞周期、成长、代谢、存活、自噬、搬迁和免疫逃逸等进程相关蛋白的反常降解,是潜在的肿瘤医治重要靶点。

2020年2月11日,南边科技大学生物系饶枫课题组和前南科大汪涛课题组协作在美国科学院院刊PNAS在线宣布题为“Basis for metabolite-dependent Cullin RING ligase deneddylation by the COP9 Signalosome”的研讨论文。

论文截图

经过综合性运用生物化学、结构生物学、化学生物学及遗传学等研讨手法,提醒了代谢小分子六磷酸肌醇(IP6)作为分子“胶水”促进CRL-CSN复合物拼装和Cullin去拟素化的功用、机制和进化保存性。文章宣布后引起了较大反应,PNAS专门装备了谈论, Faculty of 1000也以为具有特别含义(special significance)并引荐引荐。 这是饶枫团队继2014年在PNAS杂志发文报导IP6激酶IP6K1是介导紫外光激活CRL4泛素连接酶然后发动核苷酸切除修正的开关(2),2016年在PNAS杂志发文报导IP6及其合成酶IP5K参加CRL-CSN互作(3) 之后,环绕CRL活性调控的系列研讨成果,为靶向CRL泛素连接酶明晰了靶点。CRL泛素连接酶受拟素化润饰(Neddylation)动态调控。COP9 Signalosome(CSN)特异催化CRL的去拟素化(deneddylation)。CSN与CRL严密互作,在按捺CRL拟素化及酶活的一起也维护了CRL不被自泛素化降。因而,CRL何时被何种信号激活或按捺——即CRL的活化-灭活循环——是由CRL-CSN复合物的拼装和解离动态调控的,但CRL-CSN复合物的拼装和解离机制还不是很清楚。

为研讨IP6怎么调控CRL泛素连接酶,研讨人员首要运用多种生化手法证明IP6首要经过与CSN亚基2(CSN2)结合,并作为CSN的催化辅因子(catalytic cofactor)直接参加招募Cul4/Rbx1并加快Cullin去拟素化,是泛素连接酶CRL和去拟素酶CSN之间的分子“胶水”。

为进一步了解IP6的效果机制,研讨团队成功解析了IP6-CSN2复合物的高分辨率(2.5Å)晶体结构,在CSN2蛋白里明晰的看到IP6小分子的电子云和结合形式,骤变要害的结合位点如K70,可在体外或细胞内彻底打破两者之间的相互效果,一起增强拟素化的稳定性。为解析IP6怎么一起招募Cul4/Rbx1, 研讨团队使用所解析的高分辨率晶体结构对CRL4-CSN复合物的冷冻电镜(Cryo-EM)结构进行安装,意外的发现了和IP6完美匹配的电子云,并判定出Rbx1上的K25/26残基和IP6直接互作。鉴于IP6的结合口袋由CSN2和Rbx1组成,Cul4不直接参加,研讨团队提出IP6是广谱的CRL-CSN分子间胶水的假定,并进行了体内和体外实验验证。这些成果阐明晰IP6调控CRL-CSN复合体拼装的机理,暗示IP6小分子的代谢是复合物解离的调控途径。

图: IP6-CSN-CRL三元复合物的结构及自酵母到人类的进化保存性剖析。

IP6的结合口袋在进化上从酵母到植物到人都高度保存,阐明很重要。确实,研讨团队把CSN2-K70E骤变敲入小鼠,发现会导致胚胎逝世。而在酵母里,CSN2-K70E骤变体也无法回补Csn2敲除后酵母对紫外辐射不耐受的表型。这些成果阐明IP6对CRL-CSN的调控进化上保存,功用上重要。

图:代谢小分子IP6动态调控CRL泛素连接酶去拟素化的示意图。

最终,研讨团队还证明IP6辅佐CSN把CRL从E2泛素结合酶CDC34上竞赛下来,然后维护当底物被降解后,CRL不被自泛素化降解,阐明晰CRL泛素连接酶活性循环的最终一步的发作机理。

这项研讨成果从分子水平阐释了IP6-CSN-CRL三元复合物的构成机制,在CRL-CSN的效果界面发现了一个小分子结合口袋。鉴于CRL的拟素化按捺剂MLN4924已是医治癌症的三期临床药物,本研讨为靶向CRL供给了新思路。

Significance

The Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) make nearly half of all E3s and are major mediators of proteome homeostasis. CRLs are activated by neddylation, a ubiquitin-like modification that is removed by the deneddylase COP9 signalosome (CSN). Here, based on X-ray crystallography and cryoelectron-microscopy map-fitting analysis, the cellular metabolite inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) is validated as a CSN cofactor recruiting CRL via concurrent binding CSN and CRL. This “glue”-like function of IP6 is conserved from yeast to human, and is critical for UV radiation resistance in yeast and embryonic viability in mouse. Mechanistically, IP6 enables CSN sequestration of CRL from an E2 enzyme. Given that CRL neddylation has been successfully targeted for cancer treatment, the elucidated IP6-binding pocket could be explored therapeutically.

Abstract

The Cullin-RING ligases (CRLs) are the largest family of ubiquitin E3s activated by neddylation and regulated by the deneddylase COP9 signalosome (CSN). The inositol polyphosphate metabolites promote the formation of CRL–CSN complexes, but with unclear mechanism of action. Here, we provide structural and genetic evidence supporting inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) as a general CSN cofactor recruiting CRLs. We determined the crystal structure of IP6 in complex with CSN subunit 2 (CSN2), based on which we identified the IP6-corresponding electron density in the cryoelectron microscopy map of a CRL4A–CSN complex. IP6 binds to a cognate pocket formed by conserved lysine residues from CSN2 and Rbx1/Roc1, thereby strengthening CRL–CSN interactions to dislodge the E2 CDC34/UBE2R from CRL and to promote CRL deneddylation. IP6 binding-deficient Csn2K70E/K70E knockin mice are embryonic lethal. The same mutation disabled Schizosaccharomyces pombe Csn2 from rescuing UV-hypersensitivity of csn2-null yeast. These data suggest that CRL transition from the E2-bound active state to the CSN-bound sequestered state is critically assisted by an interfacial IP6 small molecule, whose metabolism may be coupled to CRL–CSN complex dynamics.

参考文献

1. Lin, H., Zhang, X., Liu, L., Fu, Q., Zang, C., Ding, Y., Su, Y., Xu, Z., He, S., Yang, X., Wei, X., Mao, H., Cui, Y., Wei, Y., Zhou, C., Du, L., Huang, N., Zheng, N., Wang, T., and Rao, F. (2020) Basis for metabolite-dependent Cullin-RING ligase deneddylation by the COP9 Signalosome.

2. Rao, F., Xu, J., Khan, A. B., Gadalla, M. M., Cha, J. Y., Xu, R., Tyagi, R., Dang, Y., Chakraborty, A., and Snyder, S. H. (2014) Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase-1 mediates assembly/disassembly of the CRL4-signalosome complex to regulate DNA repair and cell death.

3. Scherer, P. C., Ding, Y., Liu, Z., Xu, J., Mao, H., Barrow, J. C., Wei, N., Zheng, N., Snyder, S. H., and Rao, F. (2016) Inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) generated by IP5K mediates cullin-COP9 signalosome interactions and CRL function.

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